1. As a Verb – “to compare”

Used to describe the act of comparing two or more things.

• Structure:
  A + 和/跟 + B + 比较
  → to compare A with B
   

As an Adverb – “relatively,” “comparatively,” or “fairly”

Used before an adjective to show a moderate or relative degree — not extremely, but more than average.

• Structure:
  比较 + adjective

1. As a Verb – “to compare”

Used to describe the act of comparing two or more things.

• Structure:
  A + 和/跟 + B + 比较
  → to compare A with B

• Example:
  中文和英文比较，有很多不同。
  → Compared with English, Chinese has many differences.
  (Here, “比较” means to compare.)

2. As an Adverb – “relatively,” “comparatively,” or “fairly”

Used before an adjective to show a moderate or relative degree — not extremely, but more than average.

• Structure:
  比较 + adjective

• Example:
  今天比较冷。
  → Today is relatively cold.
  (“比较” softens the degree of the adjective.)

• Another Example:
  我比较喜欢这本书。
  → I prefer this book / I like this book more.
  (“比较” expresses a preference.)

The Chinese word “差” has several meanings depending on the context. It can be used as a verb, noun, adjective, or part of a time expression. Here's how it's commonly used in sentences:

1. As an Adjective: “bad” / “poor quality”

Used to describe something that is not good, low in quality, or worse than expected.

• Chinese: 这家饭店的服务很差。

• English: The service at this restaurant is bad.

• Chinese: 他考试考得很差。

• English: He did poorly on the exam.

2. As a Verb: “to lack” / “to be short of”

Used to show something is missing or not enough (often with quantity or time).

• Chinese: 我还差五块钱。

• English: I'm five yuan short.

• Chinese: 差三分钟八点。

• English: It’s three minutes to eight.
  → Literally: Three minutes are missing from eight o’clock.

3. In Time Expressions: “(minutes) to (an hour)”

Used to express time before the hour (like in English: "ten to eight").

• Chinese: 差十分九点。

• English: It’s ten minutes to nine.

4. As a Noun (rare): “difference”

Sometimes used to mean a gap or difference, usually in more formal or written language.

• Chinese: 他们两人的水平有很大差距。

• English: There’s a big difference in their skill levels.

(Note: In this case “差距” includes “差” but is a compound word.)

The Chinese structure “既...又...” is used to express two qualities, actions, or conditions that exist at the same time. It means “both... and...” or “not only... but also...”, similar to expressions in English that show coordination or emphasis on two related aspects.

Structure:

既 + Adjective/Verb + 又 + Adjective/Verb

This pattern emphasizes that both parts are true or happening together.

he Chinese structure “该...了” is used to express that it is time to do something or that something should happen now. It’s similar to saying “It’s time to...” or “(Someone) should (do something) now” in English.

✅ Structure:

该 + Verb / Verb Phrase + 了

• “该” = should / it’s time to

• “了” = indicates a change or that the time has come

The Chinese word “表示” means "to express," "to show," or "to indicate." It is a verb used in sentences to describe how someone conveys a feeling, attitude, opinion, or meaning, either through words, actions, or symbols.

Common Sentence Structures:

• Subject + 表示 + that-clause

  • 她表示她不想参加。

  • She said that she doesn’t want to participate.

• Subject + 表示 + noun (emotion/attitude)

  • 他表示感谢。

  • He expressed gratitude.

• Action + 表示 + meaning/feeling

  • 微笑表示友好。

  • A smile shows friendliness.

The Chinese word “影响” means “influence” or “to affect.” It can be used as both a noun and a verb in a sentence, depending on how it functions in the sentence.

✅ 1. As a Verb: “to affect” or “to influence”

Used to describe how one thing changes or impacts another.

• Structure:
  A 影响 B
  → A affects B

• Example:
  天气会影响我们的计划。
  → The weather may affect our plans.
  (“影响” is the verb “to affect.”)

✅ 2. As a Noun: “influence” or “effect”

Used to describe the result or impact of something.

• Structure:
  A 对 B 有影响
  → A has an influence on B

• Example:
  父母对孩子有很大的影响。
  → Parents have a big influence on their children.
  (“影响” is the noun “influence.”)

The Chinese word “打扰” means "to disturb," "to bother," or "to interrupt." It is a verb used when someone interferes with another person’s activity, especially in a polite or apologetic context.

✅ Structure:

打扰 + someone
→ to disturb or interrupt someone

Examples in Sentences:

1. Chinese: 对不起，打扰你了。
   English: Sorry to bother you.
   → A polite way to apologize for interrupting someone.

2. Chinese: 请问，我可以打扰一下吗？
   English: Excuse me, may I interrupt for a moment?
   → Often used when politely starting a conversation or asking a question.

3. Chinese: 不好意思，打扰到你们休息了。
   English: Sorry, I disturbed your rest.
   → "打扰到" emphasizes that the disturbance has already happened.

Usage Notes:

• “打扰” is often used in formal or polite speech.

• It shows respect for the other person’s time or space.

• Variations like “打扰一下” or “打扰你了” soften the tone.

The Chinese word “最近” means "recently" or "lately", and it is used as a time expression in a sentence. It refers to a time period close to the present, such as the past few days, weeks, or months.

✅ Grammar Role:

“最近” is usually used as a time adverb to describe when an action happens. It can come at the beginning of a sentence or before the verb.

The Chinese word “使” is a formal verb that means “to make,” “to cause,” or “to enable.” It is used to show that one thing causes another thing to happen. It's similar to English verbs like “make,” “cause,” or “let.”

✅ Sentence Structure:

使 + [someone/something] + [result]

→ This structure shows that “使” causes a change or result in someone or something.

The Chinese word “更” means “even more,” “more,” or “further”, and it is used as an adverb to show a higher degree of something. It is often used to compare two things, indicating that one has a stronger quality than the other.

✅ Grammar Role:

Adverb — placed before an adjective or verb to show an increased level.

The Chinese word “马上” means "immediately," "right away," or "soon". It is an adverb used to describe that something will happen very soon, usually in the near future — often within seconds, minutes, or very shortly.

✅ Position in a sentence:

马上 is usually placed before the verb to describe when the action will happen.