slay dogs

The word "祝贺" (zhùhè) in Chinese means "to congratulate" or "congratulations" in English. It is used to express good wishes or congratulate someone on a success or achievement.

Usage in Sentences

1. As a verb: to congratulate someone: "祝贺" is used when someone wants to offer congratulations for an achievement, celebration, or special occasion.

   • 例句: 我们祝贺他赢得了比赛。
   • 英文: We congratulate him on winning the competition.

2. As a noun: expressing congratulations: It can also be used as part of a formal greeting or statement of congratulations.

   • 例句: 请接受我们的祝贺！
   • 英文: Please accept our congratulations!

3. Used for various occasions: "祝贺" is often used for a variety of celebratory events such as birthdays, graduations, promotions, or weddings.

   • 例句: 我们祝贺你们新婚快乐。
   • 英文: We congratulate you on your wedding.

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 祝贺 + Object: Used when congratulating someone.
• 祝贺 + Event/Success: Used to congratulate someone on a specific event or achievement.

Examples

1. As a verb (to congratulate):

   • 中文: 我们祝贺她得到了奖学金。
   • 英文: We congratulate her on receiving the scholarship.

2. As a formal expression of congratulations:

   • 中文: 祝贺你取得了这么大的进步！
   • 英文: Congratulations on making such great progress!

3. In celebratory contexts:

   • 中文: 大家都来祝贺他升职了。
   • 英文: Everyone came to congratulate him on his promotion.

The word "互相" (hùxiāng) in Chinese means "mutually" or "each other" in English. It is used to indicate actions or feelings that are exchanged between two or more people.

Usage in Sentences

1. Expressing mutual actions or feelings: "互相" is used when two or more people are doing something to or for each other.

   • 例句: 他们互相帮助。
   • 英文: They help each other.

2. Indicating reciprocity: It can also be used to describe situations where actions, emotions, or efforts are shared or reciprocated.

   • 例句: 我们应该互相尊重。
   • 英文: We should respect each other.

3. Used for positive or negative interactions: "互相" can be used to describe both positive actions (like helping, respecting) and negative actions (like blaming, criticizing) that are reciprocated between people.

   • 例句: 他们互相指责。
   • 英文: They blame each other.

Sentence Structure

• Subject 1 + 互相 + Verb + Subject 2: Used to describe actions or feelings exchanged between two people or groups.
• Subject + 互相 + Verb: When the mutual action or feeling involves all members of a group.

Examples

1. Mutual action (helping each other):

   • 中文: 我们在工作中互相支持。
   • 英文: We support each other at work.

2. Reciprocal respect:

   • 中文: 朋友之间应该互相理解。
   • 英文: Friends should understand each other.

The word "心情" (xīnqíng) in Chinese means "mood" or "state of mind" in English. It refers to the emotional or mental state of a person at a particular moment.

Usage in Sentences

1. Describing someone's emotional state: "心情" is used to describe how someone feels emotionally, whether they are happy, sad, frustrated, etc.

   • 例句: 今天我的心情很好。
   • 英文: Today, I am in a good mood.

2. Referring to changes in mood: It can be used to talk about how someone's mood changes due to specific events or situations.

   • 例句: 天气不好，影响了我的心情。
   • 英文: The bad weather affected my mood.

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 心情 + Adjective: Used to describe someone's mood with an adjective (good, bad, etc.).
• 心情 + Verb: Used when describing an action related to one's mood (e.g., in the mood for something).

Examples

1. Describing a good mood:

   • 中文: 听到好消息后，她的心情非常愉快。
   • 英文: After hearing the good news, she was in a very happy mood.

2. Talking about a bad mood:

   • 中文: 他最近心情不好，因为工作压力很大。
   • 英文: He has been in a bad mood lately because of work stress.

3. Mood affecting actions:

   • 中文: 心情不好时，我喜欢去散步放松。
   • 英文: When I am in a bad mood, I like to go for a walk to relax.

"中国的对联" (Chinese couplets) refer to a traditional form of Chinese poetry that consists of two lines of text, often written on red paper and displayed during festivals or special occasions, especially Chinese New Year. These couplets, also known as "春联" (spring couplets), are an important part of Chinese culture and are used to express good wishes, hopes, and positive messages for the future.

Key Features of Chinese Couplets:

1. Two lines: A pair of vertical lines written in Chinese characters, each containing the same number of characters. The two lines must be balanced in meaning and structure, often with a symmetrical and rhythmic flow.

2. Themes: Couplets often reflect themes of prosperity, happiness, luck, and harmony, with the intention of bringing good fortune to the household or event where they are displayed.

3. Display: Couplets are typically displayed on doorways, with one line on each side of the door. During Chinese New Year, they are meant to welcome the new year and ward off evil spirits.

4. Top horizontal scroll: Sometimes a third, horizontal scroll known as the "横批" is placed above the door, summarizing the theme of the two vertical couplets.

Example of Chinese Couplets:

• Left line (上联): 风调雨顺（fēng tiáo yǔ shùn）– "May the wind and rain come at the right time" (a metaphor for favorable conditions).
• Right line (下联): 国泰民安（guó tài mín ān）– "May the country be prosperous and the people at peace."

The phrase "无论...都" (wúlùn...dōu) in Chinese means "no matter...still" or "regardless of...still" in English. It is used to indicate that something will happen or remain true regardless of the conditions or circumstances mentioned before "无论."

Usage in Sentences

1. Indicating that something is true in all situations: "无论...都" is used to show that the outcome or situation does not change, no matter the variables or conditions.

   • 例句: 无论天气怎么样，我们都要去旅行。
   • 英文: No matter how the weather is, we will still go on the trip.

2. Showing consistency despite different conditions: It emphasizes that a certain result or action will occur regardless of the different scenarios or choices provided.

   • 例句: 无论你选哪一个，他都会支持你。
   • 英文: No matter which one you choose, he will support you.

3. Can be used with a wide range of conditions: It can be followed by conditions such as time, place, manner, people, etc.

   • 例句: 无论他多忙，都会抽时间陪家人。
   • 英文: No matter how busy he is, he always makes time for his family.

Sentence Structure

• 无论 + Condition + 都 + Result: The phrase "无论" introduces a condition or variable, and "都" indicates that the result remains unchanged despite that condition.

Examples

1. Regardless of conditions:

   • 中文: 无论你什么时候来，我都会等你。
   • 英文: No matter when you come, I will wait for you.

2. Consistency in actions:

   • 中文: 无论遇到什么困难，我们都要坚持下去。
   • 英文: No matter what difficulties we encounter, we must persevere.

3. Indicating unchanging outcomes:

   • 中文: 无论他怎么解释，大家都不相信他。
   • 英文: No matter how he explains it, no one believes him.

The phrase "为了..." (wèile...) in Chinese means "in order to..." or "for the sake of..." in English. It is used to express the purpose or reason for doing something

Sentence Structure

• 为了 + Goal/Purpose + Subject + Action: The phrase "为了" introduces the goal or purpose, and the subject performs the action to achieve that goal.

Examples

1. For a personal goal:

   • 中文: 为了通过考试，她每天复习到很晚。
   • 英文: In order to pass the exam, she studies late every day.

2. For a larger cause:

   • 中文: 为了保护环境，我们应该减少塑料的使用。
   • 英文: In order to protect the environment, we should reduce the use of plastic.

3. For a future benefit:

   • 中文: 为了更好的未来，他们决定搬到城市生活。
   • 英文: For a better future, they decided to move to the city.

The phrase "以为" (yǐwéi) in Chinese means "to think" or "to assume" in English, often with the implication that the thought or assumption turns out to be incorrect. It is used to describe when someone mistakenly believes or assumes something to be true.

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 以为 + Incorrect Assumption + (Outcome): The subject makes an incorrect assumption, which is then contradicted or corrected by reality.

Examples

1. Expressing a mistaken assumption:

   • 中文: 他以为今天是星期一，其实是星期二。
   • 英文: He thought today was Monday, but it's actually Tuesday.

2. Assuming something incorrectly:

   • 中文: 我以为你已经知道了这个消息。
   • 英文: I thought you already knew this news.

3. Expecting a different result:

   • 中文: 我以为这个比赛会很轻松，但实际上很困难。
   • 英文: I thought this competition would be easy, but it was actually difficult.

The word "其实" (qíshí) in Chinese means "actually" or "in fact" in English. It is used to clarify or correct a misunderstanding, false assumption, or to introduce a fact that may be different from what was previously thought.

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 其实 + Fact/Correction: The phrase "其实" is used to introduce the actual fact or truth, contrasting it with what might have been assumed or expected.

Examples

1. Clarifying a false assumption:

   • 中文: 我以为他很忙，其实他今天没事。
   • 英文: I thought he was busy, but actually, he has nothing to do today.

2. Introducing the true situation:

   • 中文: 她看起来很年轻，其实她已经五十岁了。
   • 英文: She looks very young, but in fact, she’s already fifty.

3. Explaining reality:

   • 中文: 大家都以为他很成功，其实他的公司正面临很多困难。
   • 英文: Everyone thinks he's very successful, but in fact, his company is facing a lot of difficulties.

The phrase "听说" (tīngshuō) in Chinese means "I've heard that" or "it is said that" in English. It is used to report something that the speaker learned from others or through indirect information, such as rumors, news, or conversations.

Sentence Structure

• 听说 + Information/Event: The phrase "听说" is followed by the information or event that the speaker heard about.

Examples

1. Sharing something heard:

   • 中文: 我听说他找到了一份新工作。
   • 英文: I heard that he found a new job.

2. Referring to a rumor:

   • 中文: 听说这部电影很好看。
   • 英文: I heard that this movie is very good.

3. Referring to information from others:

   • 中文: 听说下周天气会很好。
   • 英文: I heard that the weather will be nice next week.

The phrase "难过" (nánguò) in Chinese means "sad" or "feeling upset" in English.

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 感到/觉得 + 难过: The phrase "难过" is typically used with verbs like "感到" (gǎndào, feel) or "觉得" (juéde, think/feel) to describe how someone feels.

Examples

1. Feeling emotionally upset:

   • 中文: 她的宠物去世了，她非常难过。
   • 英文: Her pet passed away, and she was very sad.

2. Indicating inner sadness:

   • 中文: 我知道你很难过，但一切都会好起来的。
   • 英文: I know you're very upset, but everything will get better.

3. Expressing sadness about an event:

   • 中文: 听到他们分手的消息，我们都感到难过。
   • 英文: We all felt sad when we heard the news of their breakup.

总是：always 

无论....还是：No matter or.....

以为：think

其实： actually

为了： for 

听说： heard

镜子：Mirror

Is that  the sea is so blue?

其实： in fact

so ,the world will be  so beautiful. .

回答问题：

1. 

回答问题：

1。小西每天上网多长时间？她在网上学什么？

2. 阳阳在网上做什么？每天用多少时间？

3. 小西的姐姐上网做什么？

4. 阳阳的妈妈上网做什么？

5. 小西的爸爸上网做什么？

6. 阳阳的奶奶会不会上网？

"上网" (shàngwǎng) and "网上" (wǎngshàng) are related to the internet but have different uses in Chinese.

1. "上网" (shàngwǎng): "To go online" or "to access the internet."

• Meaning: It is a verb, referring to the action of connecting to or using the internet.

• Usage: It describes the activity of using the internet for browsing, searching, or communicating.

  Example:

  • 中文: 我每天都上网查资料。
  • 英文: I go online every day to search for information.

  Sentence structure:

  • Subject + 上网 + (verb/action)
  • It can be followed by additional verbs to describe specific online actions.

2. "网上" (wǎngshàng): "On the internet" or "online."

• Meaning: It is an adjective or adverb, referring to something being on the internet or occurring online.

• Usage: It is used to describe things that exist or take place on the internet.

  Example:

  • 中文: 我在网上买了一本书。
  • 英文: I bought a book online.

  Sentence structure:

  • Subject + 在 + 网上 + (verb/object)
  • It typically follows "在" to describe where an action happens, i.e., "on the internet."

Summary

• "上网" is a verb meaning "to go online" or "to use the internet."
• "网上" is an adjective/adverb meaning "on the internet" or "online."

They are used differently depending on whether you are describing the action of using the internet (上网) or referring to something that exists or happens online (网上).

The word "相信" (xiāngxìn) in Chinese means "to believe" or "to trust" in English. 

Usage in Sentences

1. To believe in something: "相信" is used when expressing belief in the truth of a statement, fact, or idea.

   • 例句: 我相信他说的话。
   • 英文: I believe what he said.

2. To trust someone: It can also mean trusting a person, implying faith in their reliability or honesty.

   • 例句: 我非常相信我的朋友。
   • 英文: I trust my friend very much.

3. Used to express confidence or faith: "相信" can be used to show confidence in an outcome, plan, or future event.

   • 例句: 我相信我们一定会成功。
   • 英文: I believe we will definitely succeed.

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 相信 + Object: This structure is used when stating belief or trust in someone or something.
• Subject + 相信 + Clause: Used when expressing belief in a specific statement or outcome.

Examples

1. Expressing belief in a statement:

   • 中文: 我相信他明天会来。
   • 英文: I believe he will come tomorrow.

The word "联系" (liánxì) in Chinese means "to contact" or "connection" in English. 

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 与/和 + Object + 联系: Used when talking about contacting someone.
• 保持 + 联系: Used to describe keeping or maintaining contact.

Examples

1. As a verb (to contact):

   • 中文: 请联系我以获取更多信息。
   • 英文: Please contact me for more information.

2. As a noun (a connection):

   • 中文: 这两个事件之间有什么联系吗？
   • 英文: Is there any connection between these two events?

3. Maintaining communication:

   • 中文: 我们毕业后一直保持联系。
   • 英文: We have kept in touch since graduation.

Summary

• "联系" means "to contact" as a verb or "connection" as a noun. It is used to express reaching out to someone or describing a relationship or link between people or things.
• It can refer to initiating contact or maintaining communication over time.

This word is frequently used in both personal and professional contexts to describe communication or relationships.

The word "了解" (liǎojiě) in Chinese means "to understand" or "to know" in English. I

Usage in Sentences

1. To express understanding of a situation or person: "了解" is used when someone becomes aware of or comprehends something in-depth, such as a person’s background, a situation, or information.

   • 例句: 我想了解更多关于这个项目的细节。
   • 英文: I want to understand more about the details of this project.

2. To inquire about something or gain knowledge: It is also used when asking for information or trying to learn more about a topic.

   • 例句: 你了解这个城市的历史吗？
   • 英文: Do you know about the history of this city?

3. Understanding a person’s feelings or thoughts: "了解" can also be used in an interpersonal context to indicate understanding someone's emotions, thoughts, or behaviors.

   • 例句: 他非常了解他的朋友。
   • 英文: He understands his friend very well.

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 了解 + Object: Used to express understanding or knowledge of a specific person, situation, or thing.

Examples

1. Understanding a topic:

   • 中文: 我正在了解这家公司如何运作。
   • 英文: I am learning about how this company operates.

2. Inquiring for more information:

   • 中文: 我们需要了解市场需求。
   • 英文: We need to understand the market demand.

3. Understanding someone's emotions:

   • 中文: 她很了解她的同事。
   • 英文: She understands her colleague well.

There is an invisible net, 

Bringing the world together.

 Big news happening in every place, appeared on the Internet at the same time. 

 you're in the east of the world, I'm in the western part of the world. 

As long as we chat online,

 I just want you to sit next to me. 

Believe in our study and life, Pay more and more attention to the Internet. 

Learn Chinese to buy things and send emails, 

All can be helped by the Internet.

Wherever you pass, Give gifts to children.

You bring happiness to people all over the world

Is there anything else you want me to do? I'd love to do it, I'd be very happy.

The phrase "除了...还..." (chúle...hái...) in Chinese means "in addition to... also..." or "besides... also..." in English.

Usage in Sentences

1. Introducing additional information: "除了" is used to introduce the first item or action, and "还" adds another item or action to the statement.

   • 例句: 除了英语，他还会说法语。
   • 英文: In addition to English, he also speaks French.

2. Emphasizing multiple aspects: The structure emphasizes that more than one thing is true or relevant.

   • 例句: 除了学习，学生们还要参加课外活动。
   • 英文: Besides studying, students also have to participate in extracurricular activities.

Sentence Structure

• 除了 + Thing 1 + 还 + Thing 2: This structure is used to list one thing, and then add another related thing or action.

Examples

1. Listing multiple activities:

   • 中文: 除了工作，他还喜欢健身。
   • 英文: In addition to working, he also enjoys working out.

2. Introducing additional abilities:

   • 中文: 除了画画，她还会弹钢琴。
   • 英文: Besides drawing, she can also play the piano.

The phrase "其他" (qítā) in Chinese means "other" or "the rest" in English. 

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 其他 + Noun: This structure refers to the "other" people, things, or options that are not the primary focus.
• 其他 + Verb: It can also be used without a noun to refer to "the rest" or "other options."

Examples

1. Referring to other people:

   • 中文: 其他人都已经走了。
   • 英文: The other people have already left.

2. Referring to other things:

   • 中文: 我想看看其他颜色的衣服。
   • 英文: I want to look at other colors of clothes.

3. Referring to alternative actions:

   • 中文: 除了看电影，我们可以做其他事情。
   • 英文: Besides watching a movie, we can do other things.

The phrase "然后" (ránhòu) in Chinese means "then" or "after that" in English. 

Sentence Structure

• Action 1 + 然后 + Action 2: This structure shows that the second action follows the first in sequence.

Examples

1. Describing daily activities:

   • 中文: 他先跑步，然后去上班。
   • 英文: He goes for a run first, then goes to work.

2. Explaining steps in a process:

   • 中文: 先把水烧开，然后加入茶叶。
   • 英文: First, boil the water, then add the tea leaves.

3. Narrating events:

   • 中文: 我们先去了商场，然后去了公园。
   • 英文: We went to the mall first, then to the park.

The word "经过" (jīngguò) in Chinese means "to pass by" or "to go through" in English. 

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 经过 + Location: Used to describe physically passing by a place.
• Subject + 经过 + Event/Process: Used to describe going through an experience or process.

Examples

1. Physical passing:

   • 中文: 我们经过了一条小河。
   • 英文: We passed by a small river.

2. Experiencing a process:

   • 中文: 经过几个月的训练，他的成绩提高了。
   • 英文: After several months of training, his performance improved.

3. Process leading to a result:

   • 中文: 经过讨论，我们决定改变计划。
   • 英文: After the discussion, we decided to change the plan.

The measure word "位" (wèi) in Chinese is used as a polite or respectful way to refer to people.

Usage in Sentences

1. Polite reference to people: "位" is used when referring to people in a respectful manner, especially in formal situations.

   • 例句: 这位老师非常有名。
   • 英文: This teacher is very famous.

2. Counting people: It can also be used to count people politely, particularly in professional or formal settings.

   • 例句: 今天有三位客人来了。
   • 英文: Three guests came today.

Sentence Structure

• Number + 位 + Person: This structure is used when counting people in a polite or formal way.
• 这/那 + 位 + Person: Used when referring to "this" or "that" person respectfully.

Examples

1. Referring to a person respectfully:

   • 中文: 请问这位是您的朋友吗？
   • 英文: May I ask, is this your friend?

2. Counting people:

   • 中文: 我们有五位老师参加会议。
   • 英文: We have five teachers attending the meeting.

3. Polite introduction:

   • 中文: 这位是我们的校长。
   • 英文: This is our principal.

This measure word is commonly used in professional or respectful conversations.

问题： 

1. 下雪天，鸟儿为什么不回家？

2. 谁把鸟儿带回家照顾？

3. 小西用什么给鸟儿做了一个“家”？

4. 最后鸟儿的病怎么好的？

A 打针

B 吃药

C 小西的照顾

5. 鸟儿用自己的“衣服”，这里的“衣服”是什么？

6. 鸟儿送个小西什么？是用它身上的什么做的？

只要 + Condition + 就 + Result

The phrase "只要....就" in Chinese is used to express a conditional relationship between two events or actions. It can be translated into English as "as long as...then" or "if...then." This structure implies that as long as the condition in the first part is met, the result in the second part will follow.

Usage in Sentences

1. As long as ... then

   • 例句: 只要你努力学习，就能通过考试。
   • 英文: As long as you study hard, you can pass the exam.

2. If ... then

   • 例句: 只要天气好，我们就去公园。
   • 英文: If the weather is good, then we'll go to the park.

Explanation of Structure

• 只要 (zhǐ yào) introduces a condition, similar to "as long as" or "if."
• 就 (jiù) introduces the result or consequence that will happen if the condition is met.

Examples

1. As long as... then

   • 中文: 只要你告诉我，我就会帮忙。
   • 英文: As long as you tell me, I will help.

2. If... then

   • 中文: 只要他来，我们就开始会议。
   • 英文: If he comes, then we will start the meeting.

 "愿意" (yuànyì) in Chinese means "willing to" or "to be willing" in English. It is used to express a person's willingness or readiness to do something. In sentences, it typically precedes a verb or action to indicate that someone is willing to perform that action.

Usage in Sentences

1. Willing to: Used to express a person's willingness or readiness to do something.

   • 例句: 我愿意帮助你。
   • 英文: I am willing to help you.

2. To be willing: Similar in meaning, expressing consent or desire to take an action.

   • 例句: 她愿意和我们一起去。
   • 英文: She is willing to go with us.

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 愿意 + Verb: This structure is commonly used, where the subject expresses their willingness to perform the action described by the verb.

Examples

1. Willing to

   • 中文: 你愿意接受这个工作吗？
   • 英文: Are you willing to take this job?

2. To be willing

   • 中文: 他愿意为朋友做任何事。
   • 英文: He is willing to do anything for his friends.

3. Expressing Desire

   • 中文: 我不愿意放弃这个机会。
   • 英文: I am not willing to give up this opportunity.

The phrase "同意" (tóngyì) in Chinese means "to agree" or "agreement" in English. It is used to express agreement, consent, or approval of something. "同意" can function as both a verb and a noun in sentences.

Usage in Sentences

1. As a Verb (To agree): It expresses that someone agrees with a statement, suggestion, or decision.

   • 例句: 我同意你的看法。
   • 英文: I agree with your opinion.

2. As a Verb (To consent/approve): It can also be used to express giving permission or approval.

   • 例句: 老板同意了我们的计划。
   • 英文: The boss approved our plan.

3. As a Noun (Agreement): In formal contexts, it can refer to an agreement between parties.

   • 例句: 双方达成了同意。
   • 英文: Both sides reached an agreement.

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 同意 + Object: Commonly used to show agreement with an idea, person, or plan.
• Subject + 同意 + Verb/Clause: Used when the subject agrees to an action or a proposition.

Examples

1. As a Verb (To agree)

   • 中文: 她同意和我们一起去旅行。
   • 英文: She agreed to go on the trip with us.

2. As a Verb (To consent/approve)

   • 中文: 他同意让我去参加会议。
   • 英文: He agreed to let me attend the meeting.

3. As a Noun (Agreement)

   • 中文: 我们需要签订一份书面的同意。
   • 英文: We need to sign a written agreement.

Summary

• "同意" as a verb means "to agree" or "to approve."

The phrase "照顾" (zhàogù) in Chinese means "to take care of" or "to look after" in English. It is commonly used to express the act of caring for someone or something, whether physically, emotionally, or in terms of responsibility.

Usage in Sentences

1. To take care of (someone): Used to indicate caring for a person, often in a physical or supportive sense.

   例句: 她在家照顾孩子。
   • 英文: She takes care of the children at home.

2. To look after (something): Can also refer to looking after or attending to a task or responsibility.

   • 例句: 请你帮我照顾一下我的植物。
   • 英文: Please look after my pl for me.ants

3. To show consideration: "照顾" can also mean showing consideration or giving special attention to someone’s needs or feelings.

   • 例句: 老师照顾了新来的学生。
   • 英文: The teacher showed consideration for the new student.

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 照顾 + Object: This structure is used when the subject is taking care of or looking after someone or something.

Examples

1. To take care of (someone)

   • 中文: 他在医院照顾生病的母亲。
   • 英文: He is taking care of his sick mother in the hospital.

2. To look after (something)

   • 中文: 你可以帮我照顾一下我的宠物吗？
   • 英文: Can you help look after my pet?

I often have colds and fevers. I'm afraid of injections, which are very painful.

I don’t want to get sick, and I don’t want you to take care of me

As long as you help me build a snowman, I will be happy.

胖：adj. fat

很胖； 特别胖；

那么

means：so, then; like that

天空那么大！

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锻炼

乡-

n. hometown; village

家乡 hometown

乡下

countryside

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铁-n. iron

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