The phrase "除了...还..." (chúle...hái...) in Chinese means "in addition to... also..." or "besides... also..." in English.

Usage in Sentences

1. Introducing additional information: "除了" is used to introduce the first item or action, and "还" adds another item or action to the statement.

   • 例句: 除了英语，他还会说法语。
   • 英文: In addition to English, he also speaks French.

2. Emphasizing multiple aspects: The structure emphasizes that more than one thing is true or relevant.

   • 例句: 除了学习，学生们还要参加课外活动。
   • 英文: Besides studying, students also have to participate in extracurricular activities.

Sentence Structure

• 除了 + Thing 1 + 还 + Thing 2: This structure is used to list one thing, and then add another related thing or action.

Examples

1. Listing multiple activities:

   • 中文: 除了工作，他还喜欢健身。
   • 英文: In addition to working, he also enjoys working out.

2. Introducing additional abilities:

   • 中文: 除了画画，她还会弹钢琴。
   • 英文: Besides drawing, she can also play the piano.

The phrase "其他" (qítā) in Chinese means "other" or "the rest" in English. 

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 其他 + Noun: This structure refers to the "other" people, things, or options that are not the primary focus.
• 其他 + Verb: It can also be used without a noun to refer to "the rest" or "other options."

Examples

1. Referring to other people:

   • 中文: 其他人都已经走了。
   • 英文: The other people have already left.

2. Referring to other things:

   • 中文: 我想看看其他颜色的衣服。
   • 英文: I want to look at other colors of clothes.

3. Referring to alternative actions:

   • 中文: 除了看电影，我们可以做其他事情。
   • 英文: Besides watching a movie, we can do other things.

The phrase "然后" (ránhòu) in Chinese means "then" or "after that" in English. 

Sentence Structure

• Action 1 + 然后 + Action 2: This structure shows that the second action follows the first in sequence.

Examples

1. Describing daily activities:

   • 中文: 他先跑步，然后去上班。
   • 英文: He goes for a run first, then goes to work.

2. Explaining steps in a process:

   • 中文: 先把水烧开，然后加入茶叶。
   • 英文: First, boil the water, then add the tea leaves.

3. Narrating events:

   • 中文: 我们先去了商场，然后去了公园。
   • 英文: We went to the mall first, then to the park.

The word "经过" (jīngguò) in Chinese means "to pass by" or "to go through" in English. 

Sentence Structure

• Subject + 经过 + Location: Used to describe physically passing by a place.
• Subject + 经过 + Event/Process: Used to describe going through an experience or process.

Examples

1. Physical passing:

   • 中文: 我们经过了一条小河。
   • 英文: We passed by a small river.

2. Experiencing a process:

   • 中文: 经过几个月的训练，他的成绩提高了。
   • 英文: After several months of training, his performance improved.

3. Process leading to a result:

   • 中文: 经过讨论，我们决定改变计划。
   • 英文: After the discussion, we decided to change the plan.

The measure word "位" (wèi) in Chinese is used as a polite or respectful way to refer to people.

Usage in Sentences

1. Polite reference to people: "位" is used when referring to people in a respectful manner, especially in formal situations.

   • 例句: 这位老师非常有名。
   • 英文: This teacher is very famous.

2. Counting people: It can also be used to count people politely, particularly in professional or formal settings.

   • 例句: 今天有三位客人来了。
   • 英文: Three guests came today.

Sentence Structure

• Number + 位 + Person: This structure is used when counting people in a polite or formal way.
• 这/那 + 位 + Person: Used when referring to "this" or "that" person respectfully.

Examples

1. Referring to a person respectfully:

   • 中文: 请问这位是您的朋友吗？
   • 英文: May I ask, is this your friend?

2. Counting people:

   • 中文: 我们有五位老师参加会议。
   • 英文: We have five teachers attending the meeting.

3. Polite introduction:

   • 中文: 这位是我们的校长。
   • 英文: This is our principal.

This measure word is commonly used in professional or respectful conversations.